Research on the operational efficiency of Yangshan Port based on the three-stage DEA model

With the development of global trade, ports, as the core hubs of the global supply chain, have an impact on economic development and regional stability through their operational efficiency. As one of the largest container hub ports in the world, the enhancement of operational efficiency at Yangshan Port is of great significance for the high-quality development of the country’s foreign trade. This research employs a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA） model to evaluate the operational efficiency of Yangshan Port and to analyze the key factors that constrain the port’s operational efficiency. The research findings indicate that from 2015 to 2023, the operational efficiency of Yangshan Port has been improving year by year. In terms of environmental factors, the number of highway miles has a significant positive impact on port operational efficiency, while the number of railway miles has a negative effect. Based on empirical results, this paper proposes strategies such as maintaining port construction upgrades, promoting green and low-carbon transitions, and increasing technological investment to further enhance the comprehensive operational efficiency of Yangshan Port.