Abstract: Ensuring the safety of ship navigation is fundamental to the high-quality development of waterway transportation. However, the complex and ever-changing nature of the navigation environment poses significant challenges to ensuring the safe passage of ships. The management of navigation safety risks is gradually shifting from passive measures, such as emergency response and post-accident analysis, to proactive risk prevention and decision-making. This paper analyses the current state of domestic and international research into the proactive control of ship navigation safety, as well as existing issues. It reviews key technologies and practical engineering applications in three areas: ship navigation information perception; ship-based navigation decision-making; and shore-based risk early warning. The paper proposes an integrated, intelligent and resilient approach to developing ship navigation safety controls, providing insights and technical references to enhance proactive control capabilities.