Abstract: To address the frequent occurring accidents during overtaking in inland waterways, a ship overtaking risk model that considers ship-ship interaction and maneuverability is established. First, the scenario analysis of the overtaking process of ships is carried out, and the ship overtaking risk is comprehensively considered from the longitudinal and transverse distance. Second, the ship longitudinal safety distance model and the emergency rudder turning distance are introduced to propose the calculation method of the longitudinal distance in different dangerous conditions. Third, considering the ship-ship interaction and the ship directionality, the calculation method of transverse distance at different encounter times is proposed using the force and moment equations. Finally, the ship overtaking risk model based on fuzzy logic is established.100 typical overtaking cases of the Yangtze River are selected to verify the feasibility of the model.