我国船舶拆解政策评价与建议

    Evaluation and suggestions on China’s ship dismantling policy

    • 摘要: 为进一步规范船舶拆解管理,有必要对船舶拆解相关政策进行评价分析,为完善船舶全生命周期管理体系奠定基础。本文整理并分析了近5年来政府和行业组织颁布的42份相关政策文件,基于对政策内容分析结果建立有关船舶拆解的政策一致性(PMC)指数模型(简称为“P指数模型”);将船舶拆解政策分为宏观指引类、补充细化类、引导鼓励类三种,从中选取有代表性的政策文件作为评价对象,实证分析其合理性。结果表明,我国船舶拆解政策在三个层面尚有待完善。在国家层面,建议成立涵盖相关监管部门的船舶拆解管理协调机制,并统一规划和制定行业扶持政策;在地方层面,建议地方政府迅速制定并出台具体的实施办法,保障政策的有效执行;在行业层面,建议行业协会加强与地方政府的沟通与协作,特别是在合规船舶拆解企业资质方面达成共识,共同促进船舶拆解行业的规范化发展。

       

      Abstract: To further standardize the management of ship dismantling, it is essential to evaluate and analyze relevant policies as a basis for improving the full life cycle management system of ships. This paper reviews and analyzes 42 policy documents issued by governmental and industrial organizations over the past five years. Based on the content analysis of these policies, a Policy Consistency Index model(abbreviated as the "P Index Model ") is established. The ship dismantling policies are categorized into three types: macro guidance, supplementary refinement, and guidance and encouragement. Representative policy documents are selected as evaluation targets, and their rationality is empirically analyzed. The results indicate that China’s ship dismantling policies require improvements at three levels. At the national level, it is recommended to establish a coordinated ship dismantling management mechanism involving relevant regulatory departments and to develop unified planning and industry support policies. At the local level, local governments should promptly formulate and implement specific measures to ensure effective policy enforcement. At the industry level, associations need to enhance communication and collaboration with local governments, particularly in establishing consensus on the qualifications of compliant ship dismantling companies, to jointly promote the standardized development of the industry.

       

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