Abstract: To address the safety and economic requirements for ships navigating the complex ice environments of Arctic waters,this paper proposes a multi-objective improved Sparrow Search Algorithm（ SSA） to optimize both wind resistance and ice resistance. The Risk Index Outcome（ RIO）,calculated by the Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System（ POLARIS）,and the safe water depth threshold are adopted as constraints to ensure navigation safety and mitigate the impact of resistance on navigation efficiency along Arctic routes. First,meteorological and ice data for the Arctic route are processed,and a grid environment map is constructed according to ship type. Second,safe navigable areas are identified,and a multi-objective function model is established. Finally,the improved sparrow search algorithm is applied to optimize the route and is compared with other typical path planning algorithms to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that the optimal path generated by the improved sparrow search algorithm,based on the multi-objective model of wind and ice resistance,can significantly reduce ship resistance during navigation-achieving a reduction of up to 10. 9%. Moreover,there is no significant difference in path length or running time compared with other algorithms. This study provides an economical and reliable optimization solution for ship navigation in Arctic routes.