Abstract: The construction of pilotage safety culture is one of the key measures to improve the safety level of pilotage. This research explores the effect of safety culture of pilotage on safety behavior of pilots and identifies the focal points for construction of safety culture of pilotage. The questionnaires on pilotage safety culture and on pilots’ social psychology and safety behavior are formulated and a nationwide pilot situation investigation in China is performed. The structural equation model is used to analyze the interactions among pilotage safety culture, pilots’ safety attitude, pilots’ safety, pilots’ safety acknowledgement and safety behavior. The research shows that the pilotage safety culture has positive effect on pilots’ safety behavior, and pilots’ safety attitude and cognition have significant mediating effect between safety culture and safety behavior. Improving pilots’ safety cognition and attitude through the construction of pilotage safety culture is proved to be a key approach to improve pilots’ safety behavior.