Abstract: Navigable tunnel is a new type of navigable buildings that can provide navigation environment for ships to pass through mountains and valleys. In the event of fire, harmful gases are easy to accumulate, while the escape path for personnel is narrow, and emergency evacuation is difficult. In this paper, a typical ship fire and personnel evacuation escape model is constructed for the to-be-built Silin Navigable Tunnel in Wujiang, Guizhou, and the change of characteristic parameters during the development of the fire accident is analyzed. Based on the safety limits of toxic and hazardous gases and temperatures, the risk of personnel evacuation under the influence of factors such as the cross passage spacing and the formation of fleet was evaluated. The results show that: 1)When the cross passage spacing is 200 m, the fleet of three cargo ships, or two cargo ships or one passenger ship can meet the safety assessment of personnel evacuation; 2) When the cross passage spacing is 300 m and 400 m, all formation conditions cannot meet the safety assessment of personnel evacuation, and the main risk factor is the continuous inhalation of toxic and harmful gases. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring safety, a cross passage spacing of 300 m or more should not be set in the tunnel, and it is difficult for passenger ships to evacuate, so the way of getting off the ship and turning over the dam for transportation should be adopted to cross the dam.